Feeding and Management of Commercial Pig

Reference fine seed

The adoption of improved breeds is one of the key technologies to improve the economic benefits of pig farming. In scientific pig raising technology, we should popularize high-yield lean pig breeds, protect and utilize local pig breeds, and make full use of heterosis. The three common high-yield lean pig breeds introduced from abroad are Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc, which are mainly used as fathers to cross with hybrid sows or local improved sows to produce commercial pigs. Local pig breeds generally have the advantages of tolerance to rough feeding, strong stress resistance, good meat taste, high fecundity and good maternity, but the lean meat rate is low and the growth is slow, so they are mainly used as the female parent of hybridization.

In the provenance breeding work, should vigorously promote the breeding of good varieties, the implementation of selection and matching, extensive use of artificial insemination and other advanced technologies, commercial pigs should generally raise hybrid offspring, because hybrid pigs have the advantages of fast growth, good adaptability, strong disease resistance, good reproductive performance and so on. Should buy weaning weight, healthy and lively and eat good piglets. Large-scale pig farmers, it is best to take self-breeding and self-raising methods to solve the source of pigs, which can not only master the initiative in production, control the quality of piglets, but also reduce the spread of diseases, but also save part of the cost of purchasing piglets.

reasonable ingredients

There are many types of feed, commonly used types of cereals, such as corn, rice, broken rice, fine rice bran, flour, sweet potato powder, etc.; bran bran, rice bran, etc.

The feeding method should be changed to cooked feeding for living. Pigs should be fed raw to save firewood and labor. Raw feeding does not destroy the nutrients in the feed. Adopt compound feedThe "one-stop" fattening method is characterized by no "hanger". After weaning, piglets are divided into two stages of feed: early stage (20?60kg) feed nutrition level is 3 per kg of dietary digestible energy?0 trillion calories, crude protein 16%; Late (60?100 ml) corresponding to 2?8 megacards and 14%. Generally, farmers can make their own ingredients, using corn, rice, rice bran, etc. as basic feed, and adding a certain proportion of commercially available concentrated materials. Reference formula for pork pigs: early stage a: corn or rice flour 50%, chaff cake 20%, wheat bran or rice bran 10%, concentrated material 20%; Late B: corn or rice flour 50%, chaff cake 20%, wheat bran or rice bran 15%, concentrated material 15%. If it is completely prepared by oneself, then: corn or rice flour 50%? 60%, fine bran or bran cake 20%?30%, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal 5% each?8%, soybean meal 5%?6%, fish meal 2%?4%, mineral additives 1%, salt 0?3%. In actual ingredients, the proportion of each raw material can be adjusted according to the specific situation. The amount of green feed and compound feed are fed at a ratio of 1: 1, and both are fed raw, with sufficient clean drinking water.

Carefully managed

To raise pigs, you need a set of scientific management methods. Breeders and sows are kept separately, and pigs are also kept in groups and circles according to their size and strength. When the pig enters a new column, it is necessary to train the pig in the first few days so that the pig can form a good habit of eating, sleeping and defecating. Generally, it is better to feed 3 meals a day, while piglets should feed less and more meals, and feed 5 meals a day.?6 meals are appropriate. The amount of each feed should be based on the principle of satiety without causing waste. Boars and empty pregnant sows should be properly controlled feed, not too fat. In the traditional method of feeding pigs, a bucket of hogwash weighs tens of kilograms, which is relatively large, but the amount of feeding pigs with compound feed is relatively small. For example, boars and empty pregnant sows are fed about 2 kilograms a day (except drinking water). Piglets are fed a few ounces a day, and then gradually increase. When the type of feed changes, it should be gradually changed. The moldy and spoiled feed cannot be used to feed pigs, so as not to cause diarrhea and other diseases. When feeding pigs with swill collected from restaurants and restaurants, the swill should be boiled first. Corrupted meat cannot be fed to pigs so as not to cause Clostridium botulinum toxin poisoning. Toothpicks and other sharp and hard things mixed in swill should be picked out so as not to be eaten by pigs. It should also ensure that pigs have sufficient clean drinking water. It is necessary for pigs to exercise properly, especially for pigs and piglets.

Cleaning and disinfection

The pig pen must be cleaned every day. The manure cleaned can be treated by compost fermentation method, which can not only eliminate the pathogens in the manure, but also improve the fertilizer efficiency. Or it can be discharged into the manure tank for precipitation and disinfection and used as fertilizer. The environment around the barn house should also be cleaned regularly to remove weeds, kill insects, remove sewage and fill the depressions. The pigsty is regularly cleaned and disinfected twice a month, including disinfection of barns and utensils. The pigsty should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after the pigs are released and before the next batch of pigs are re-entered. In the epidemic season or by the surrounding rural epidemic threat, surprise cleaning and drug disinfection is more important. For farms with a certain scale, a strict epidemic prevention and sanitation system should be formulated according to the actual situation of the site, and regular sanitation and disinfection should be done.

Commonly used disinfectants are lime, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), bleaching powder, etc. In recent years, some manufacturers have produced some special livestock and poultry houses, venues, and transportation vehicles, such as bacteria and poison enemies, which can be used according to the instructions. The specific method of general disinfection is: pigsty, site after thorough cleaning, with 10%?20% quicklime milk is poured and brushed (be careful not to pour it on the pig's body), or 2%?4% caustic soda water, 5%?20% bleaching powder solution, bacterin solution, etc. (with a can) spray. After disinfection, close the doors and windows 2? 3 hours, and then open the ventilation, at the same time, the trough and the ground with clean water rinse. All vehicles used by sick pigs need to use 5%?10% bleach or 2%?4% caustic soda water spray, after 2?3 hours and then rinse with water. Disinfection pits or disinfection tanks should be set up at the gates of pig farms and pig houses. Fresh lime powder can be placed in the disinfection pits and should be replaced frequently. Grass mats or sacks soaked with the above disinfectant solution can be laid in the disinfection tank to disinfect tires entering and leaving vehicles and people's shoes.

regular deworming

In vivo and in vitro parasites of pigs are also a factor that harms the pig industry and reduces the efficiency of pig raising. It must be paid attention to and incorporated into the general pig raising model operating procedures, and regular deworming is carried out. Pig ectoparasites are mainly mange and lice fleas. When infection is found, 1% should be used.?2% trichlorfon aqueous solution, ivermectin or amitraz aqueous solution (10kg of water added 12?5% amitraz emulsion 40 ml) spray or scrub the affected part of the pig body, every 6?The drug was administered again after 7 days. The common parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs are roundworm, whipworm, ginger fluke and so on. The research data show that the peak of the infection rate distribution is mostly concentrated in 30?59 days old, 60?119 age, 120?179 days of age. Therefore, the optimal age of anthelmintic drugs at 30 days of age, 60 days of age and 120 days of age. At present, the commonly used drugs for exorcising intestinal parasites are levamisole hydrochloride and propamisole, with 5% levamisole hydrochloride injection intramuscular injection or skin injection having the best effect, followed by levamisole hydrochloride tablets and propamisole tablets. Dosage: levamisole hydrochloride per kilogram of body weight 7?5 mg. Propionthiamine exorcised internal and external parasites in pigs with good results.

Planned Immunization

Planned immunization is an organized and planned immunization (vaccination) based on the occurrence of animal diseases and the characteristics of biological products for immunization (vaccines, vaccines, toxoids, etc.). According to the different timing of immunization, it can be divided into two categories: preventive vaccination and emergency vaccination. In order to achieve targeted vaccination, we should investigate and understand the occurrence and prevalence of various infectious diseases in the local area, and find out which infectious diseases often occurred in the past, in what season, the scope of the epidemic, the prevention and control situation, etc., so as to draw up the vaccination plan, determine the scope of vaccination, the types of diseases to be prevented, which biological products to use, the time and frequency of immunization (immunization program), etc. At present, the main swine diseases that are prevented by vaccination are: classical swine fever, swine erysipelas, swine lung disease, swine streptococcus disease, and piglet paratyphoid fever. In addition, swine foot-and-mouth disease, swine asthma, porcine parvovirus disease, swine B encephalitis, piglet yellow dysentery, piglet white dysentery, swine infectious diarrhea, etc. also have corresponding preventive biological products.

Precautions for vaccination:

1. Various vaccination methods should be done according to the bottle label and instructions. Before use, check bottle by bottle, pay attention to the validity period, head (feather), diluent, usage method, etc. If there is a broken bottle, no vacuum, expired or deteriorated vaccine, it cannot be used.

2, seedlings should pay attention to low temperature preservation (put in the refrigerator, freezer), transport to carry the best ice bottle, avoid high temperature and sunlight.

3. Before using the vaccine, dilute it with normal saline (or cold boiled water) or 20% aluminum gel normal saline according to the bottle label. The diluted vaccine is used within 6 hours.

4. Vaccination syringes and needles should be boiled and sterilized in advance. The needle for sucking the vaccine should be fixed on the bottle to avoid contamination of the whole bottle of vaccine. For every injection of 1 pig or 1 poultry, one disinfection needle should be replaced, especially for emergency vaccination, and one disinfection needle should be replaced for every injection of 1 household (or 1 column) of livestock and poultry. The injection site should also be sanitized with alcohol cotton balls.

5. When one livestock and poultry are injected with more than two vaccines at the same time, each vaccine should be injected separately, and one injection should not be mixed.

6. Within a moment after the injection, very few pigs will only have allergic reactions, showing uneasiness, sudden falling to the ground, vomiting, salivation, etc. Should pay attention to observation, timely rescue. Rescue methods can be 0?1% epinephrine, intramuscular 1?3 ml, acupuncture points such as the people, the sun, Yongquan, dripping, ear tip, tail.

7. After vaccination 1?Within 5 days, feeding management should be strengthened and vaccine reactions should be paid attention. Some slight reactions after seedling injection, such as diet reduction, are normal phenomena and can be recovered without treatment. If the reaction is serious, if the body temperature rises in a few days, about 10 ml of fresh chicken egg white can be injected intramuscularly or Dazhui acupoint.