How to improve pig feed conversion rate under high cost

The cost of raising pigs includes farm construction, breeding pigs, feed, drugs and labor.,The feed cost accounted70%Left and Right,It is the largest input in pig production. With the rise in the price of feed ingredients,Feed costs account for a growing proportion of pig costs. Therefore,How to prepare diets according to the nutritional needs of pigs,Improve the feed conversion rate of pigs,It is an important task for pig production.

Using the "Ideal Amino Acid Pattern"

When the price difference of raw materials, especially soybean meal, increases relative to corn prices.,Farmers will take into account the cost of feed,Livestock feed production costs depend largely on the price of the protein source,Maximum protein efficiency through optimal amino acid balance,This is critical to reduce the use of expensive protein materials in feed. When measuring the actual use of diets with the "ideal amino acid pattern" as a criterion, it was found that,If the diet is prepared on the basis of corn and soybean meal to meetNRCNutritional requirements for protein in pigs,There is a certain excess of all kinds of essential amino acids in the diet. As a result, there is no precise unity between the supply of amino acids and the amino acid needs of pigs, resulting in waste of protein raw materials.,The formula cost is higher.

Therefore,Feed formulators must use the "ideal amino acid model",Incorporate the ratio of other essential amino acids to digestible lysine into the selection of nutritional indicators,Reduce feed costs,At the same time, it also effectively reduces the discharge of fecal nitrogen.

Ileal criteria used

Amino acid digestibility accurate evaluation of feed amino acid content, livestock and poultry requirements for amino acids and the utilization of feed amino acids is the basis for scientific design of feed formulations. A wide variety of feed ingredients,The content and quality of raw amino acids vary greatly.,Different livestock and poultry have different utilization efficiency. However, the evaluation of the nutritional value of feed protein basically did not consider the effects of different production types, different physiological stages, different production levels, different product quality and different health conditions on the nutritional value of feed protein.,And there is a lack of data on the combined effects of different feed ingredients. The quantitative relationship of feed processing and storage conditions on the nutritional value of feed protein and its research and application in diet preparation are still in the initial stage.

Ileal digestibility of pigs is commonly used to evaluate the bioavailability of amino acids in feed materials. Ileal digestibility can be expressed by ileal apparent digestibility, ileal true digestibility and ileal standard digestibility. The apparent ileal digestibility can be obtained by subtracting the total endogenous loss of amino acids and undigested amino acids from the dietary amino acid intake. Endogenous loss of amino acids can be divided into endogenous loss and specific loss. The former is not affected by the composition of the diet,The latter will be affected by feed raw material characteristics(such as anti-nutritional factors and dietary fiber content)The impact. True ileal amino acid digestibility refers to the proportion of dietary amino acids lost from the digestive tract before reaching the distal ileum.,It does not include total endogenous amino acid losses. The ileal standard amino acid digestibility is the amino acid digestibility obtained by subtracting the basal endogenous amino acid loss from the ileal amino acid loss removed by the ileal apparent amino acid digestibility. Since the ileal apparent amino acids are not necessarily additive in the combined diet,Can not be applied to the actual diet formula. Same,True ileal amino acid digestibility also cannot be used in dietary formulations,Unless specific endogenous amino acid losses can be measured and are part of the pig's amino acid requirement. While the ileal standard amino acid digestibility reflects both the ileal amino acid true digestibility value,also reflects the loss of specific endogenous amino acids,And in the diet with additive.

Feed raw material amino acid digestibility is important:The principle of the lowest cost formulation is to assume that different raw materials can be used instead of each other without changing the performance of the animal.,The basis of the exchange is that they have the same nutritional value. The true digestibility of various essential amino acids in maize was78%~90%,Wheat is80%~90%,Soybean meal is90%Left and right. From these common raw material digestibility can be seen,With digestible amino acid system(standard amino acid digestibility)Formulations can be made to more accurately meet the needs of animals for various amino acids.

utilization of net energy system

Net energy(No)The evaluation system is the only way to unify animal energy requirements and feed emergy. Digestive energy(DE)and metabolic energy(ME)Although the evaluation system considers the energy loss during digestion and metabolism,However, the consumption of energy in the whole process of metabolism in the body is not fully considered.,The net energy evaluation system takes into account the total loss caused by the energy utilization process.,Therefore, net energy is the best indicator to measure the energy required for animal maintenance and production. The net energy of feed is about the digestible energy of feed.70%. high dietary fat and starch content,Formulation of diets using digestible or metabolizable energy underestimates dietary energy levels,While the dietary crude protein and crude fiber content is too high,The energy level of the diet is overestimated. Therefore,The evaluation system of digestible energy and metabolizable energy is greatly influenced by the type of feed.,Diets formulated with digestible and metabolizable energy do not maintain a relatively stable emergy,Ultimately affect pig production performance and economic benefits. The net energy evaluation system is relatively stable.,Not affected by the type of feed,When fat and its by-products are increased or protein levels are reduced in daily diets,The application of net energy evaluation system has unique advantages. Although the direct determination of net energy is more difficult,But still according to the diet digestible energy or metabolizable energy,then through the diet starch(St)Crude protein(CP)Grey powder(Ash), crude fat(EE)Crude fiber(EF)or acid washing fiber(ADF)Content.