Management Points of Growing and Fattening Pigs

1 reasonable grouping

The grouping technique should be based on the breed, sex, weight and eating situation of the pigs to carry out reasonable grouping to ensure the growth and development of the pigs. When dividing into groups, the principles of "leaving the weak but not the strong" and "night and day" are generally mastered. After a period of time after the group feeding, to adjust the group at any time.

Finishing pigs generally use group feeding, which can not only make full use of the building area and equipment of the pig house, improve labor productivity, reduce the cost of raising pigs, but also use the pigs to compete with the trough for food, increase appetite and improve the effect of weight gain. When grouping, nests must be combined, and nests should be combined according to the living characteristics of pigs, and the methods of leaving weak but not strong, dismantling more but not less, and night and day should not be combined. Generally raised in a fixed circle, each group.10~20head is appropriate. Under the intensive feeding conditions of in-house feeding and excrement and urine discharge outside the house, each group is fed40~50head is appropriate.

2 Feed

Finishing pigs grow faster and must provide nutritious full-price feed to meet the requirements of rapid growth of pigs.

A variety of nutrients are needed for the growth of pigs, and a single diet is often not comprehensive nutrition, which can not meet the requirements of pig growth and development. A variety of feed mix applications can play a complementary role of protein and other nutrients, thereby improving the digestibility and utilization of protein and other nutrients. Studies have shown that a single corn fed pigs, protein utilization rate51%, single meat and bone meal is41%If two portions of corn and one portion of meat and bone meal are mixed into pigs, the protein utilization rate can be increased61%.

Feed quality Feed quality not only affects pig weight gain and feed utilization, but also affects carcass quality. Pigs are monogastric omnivores. The unsaturated fatty acids in the feed are directly deposited in the body fat, which softens the body fat of pigs and is not conducive to long-term preservation. Therefore, two months before the slaughter of pigs, feed containing less unsaturated fatty acids should be used to prevent the production of soft fat.

Grasp the dilute and thick degree of the diet. The modulation of the diet not only affects the secretion of saliva, but also dilutes the gastric juice and affects the digestion of the feed. Feeding thinners reduced the dry matter intake of pigs, and at the same time increased urination and consumed body heat. Therefore, it is better to make the diet thicker, and the general feed-water ratio is1:2~4. It should be thick in winter and thin in summer.

3 Timing, quantitative and qualitative feeding

Timing refers to the time and frequency of feeding pigs every day, which not only makes the pig's life regular, but also facilitates the secretion of digestive juice and improves the appetite and feed utilization rate of pigs. According to the specific feed to determine the number of feeding. When the concentrate is the main material, feed it every day.2~3The number of pig farms with more green roughage should be increased every day.1~2Times. In summer, the day is long and the night is short, and the day can be fed once more. In winter, the day is short and the night is long, and a night meal should be fed. Feeding should be quantitative, not more or less, so as not to affect appetite and reduce the digestibility of feed. According to the pig's appetite and growth stage, the feeding amount should be adjusted at any time. It is advisable to keep the pig's appetite strong during each feeding. The type of feed and the proportion of fine, coarse and green should remain relatively stable and cannot be changed too much. When changing the feed, it should be carried out gradually so that the pigs have a process of adaptation and habit, which is conducive to improving the appetite of pigs and the digestion and utilization rate of feed.

4 Feeding mode

Feeding methods Feeding methods can be divided into free feeding and restricted feeding, free feeding is conducive to daily gain, but the amount of fat in pigs, carcass quality is poor. Restricted feeding can improve feed utilization and lean meat percentage of pigs, but weight gain is not as fast as free feeding. Generally speaking, the free feed has a high daily gain and a lot of deposited fat. Low feed utilization rate. Limited feeding feed utilization rate is high, carcass backfat is thin, but the daily gain is low. We can adopt the pre-promotion and post-control feeding method, that is, the pre (60KGBelow) Using the growth and development stage of the main long lean meat of pigs, the free feeding method is used to supply Hanzhu brand.5612or hope cards5012Piglet feed, later (60KGabove) the use of pig fat fast growth stage, the implementation of limited feeding.

5 feeding management

In order to exchange less feed for faster weight gain in a short period of time, in addition to selecting piglets and compound feed and additives, scientific feeding management is also required.

① raw feedingBecause the raw meal is not heated, the nutrients are not destroyed, so the effect of feeding pigs with raw meal is better than that of feeding pigs with clinker, saving fuel for cooked feed, reducing feeding equipment, saving labor, improving weight gain rate and saving feed.

② Dry and wet feedingFeed feeding method has dry feeding, dilute feeding and dry and wet feeding several methods, different feeding method of digestion and absorption of pigs have different effects. Dry feeding is characterized by labor-saving, easy to grasp the amount of feeding, promote saliva secretion, the disadvantage is the loss of more feed. The advantage of thin feeding is that it is conducive to feeding and the loss of feed is less. The disadvantage is that it is easy to make pigs full of water, affecting digestion and absorption, and the utilization rate of feed is not high, which is not conducive to the growth of pigs. Dry and wet feeding method is between dry feeding and dilute feeding. Pigs eat more feed, gastric juice can work well with feed, digestion and absorption are good, the utilization rate of feed is improved, and pigs grow fast.

③ Timing and quantitative method: Feeding pigs must specify a certain number of times, a certain time and a certain number, and feed them within the specified time. It is appropriate to feed several times a day, depending on the specific circumstances of each household. Generally, piglets are fed a day.6Second, middle pig4—5Second, feed one day in the later period of fattening.3Second; Make big pigs have enough time to sleep to reduce activities, especially in summer, avoid feeding at noon when it is the hottest, which is beneficial to weight gain. The intervals between meals throughout the day should be equal. The feeding amount of each meal should be kept in an appropriate amount and balanced, neither making the pigs hungry nor overeating. Generally, 90% of the pigs are fed. morning and evening7—9Feeding is best.

④ Free feeding methodUsing this method can make the pig's daily weight gain faster, the carcass fat thicker, deposit more fat, save feeding time and labor. If you want to make the daily weight gain as much as possible, it is best to use the free feeding method; if you want to obtain a carcass with high lean meat percentage, it is better to use the regular quantitative feeding method. In the early stage of growth and fattening, pigs are allowed to feed freely, and in the later stage, regular and quantitative feeding is adopted, so that the daily gain of the whole period can be high without too much carcass fat, and at the same time, the feed conversion rate can be improved and feed can be saved.

⑤ Fine first, then green, add less frequently: feed fine material first, then green material, and add less frequently.

6 Feeding times

generally fed daily2~3Second is appropriate. In20~90KGDuring fattening, feed daily2times and3Comparison of results, hello3Times do not improve daily weight gain and feed utilization, feed.3The feed comparison ratio is in the morning.35%Noon.25%in the evening.40%appropriate.

7 Drinking water

To ensure that pigs can drink clean water at any time, it is best to give warm water in winter and spring and cold water in summer. Feeding should keep the tank water. Pigs eat in1KGFeed needs water2.5~3.0KGTo ensure the normal digestion and metabolism of feed. In addition, the supply of drinking water should be increased in summer.

Adequate supply of clean drinking water is an indispensable material for regulating body temperature, digestion and absorption of feed nutrients and excretion of residues. Poor water quality will bring many pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water and water quality. In actual production, do not replace drinking water with thinner, otherwise it will cause unnecessary waste of feed..

8 piggery environment

Piggery hygiene: piggery hygiene is closely related to disease prevention, and it is necessary to do a good job of cleaning and sanitation of piggery. Piggery should insist on cleaning every day and remove dung, urine and residual feed in time. Starting from piglets, namely training fixed-point defecation. Pork chop dung and urine like to look for damp places. When pigs enter the pen, clean up other places, and put some water in the place where the dung and urine are scheduled to be discharged, and the pigs will discharge at the place where the water is discharged. If the pig does not excrete at the predetermined place, it can shovel its dung to the predetermined place, and the next time the pig excrete, it can excrete to the predetermined place. This guide two or three days, can be fixed-point excretion. Pigs develop the habit of "three-point positioning", that is, eating, sleeping and excrement and urine are fixed, which can not only keep the pigsty clean and hygienic, but also help to pad soil and accumulate fertilizer and reduce the labor intensity of breeders. The pigsty should be cleaned every day, and the pig body should be brushed frequently, which is not only conducive to reducing pig diseases, but also conducive to improving the daily weight gain and feed utilization rate of pigs.

Temperature: The growth of pigs requires a suitable temperature, and the suitable temperature for fattening pigs is15~23C. When the temperature is too high, fattening pigs become irritable, wheezing, and unwilling to eat. When the temperature is too low, fattening pigs will crowd each other and increase feed intake, not only wasting feed, but also reducing the weight of the pigs.

Cold and heatstroke prevention temperature is too low, the pig used to maintain body temperature heat energy increased, so that the daily gain decreased; the temperature is too high, pig appetite decreased, metabolism increased, feed utilization rate is also reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent heatstroke in summer, increase the amount of drinking water, feed warm food in winter, and build warm circles when necessary.

Light: The light in the fattening pig house should be dim so that the pigs can rest adequately.

Ventilation: maintain good ventilation and adequate ventilation. Make the air fresh, in order to reduce the concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, avoid serosal pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.

9 feeding density

Reasonable feeding density can not only increase the income of initial construction investment, but also avoid the occurrence of pig tail biting disease and improve the weight gain rate. The feeding density of pigs can be adjusted with seasonal changes. For example, in the cold season in winter, one or two more pigs can be stocked in each column, and in the hot summer, one or two pigs can be reduced, which can produce better results. Landrace aggressive, density should not be too large.

Weight(kg) Area(Square Meters/Only)

7.5—15 0.27

15—30 0.32

30—50 0.45

50—70 0.54

75—100 0.80

10 Deworming, lice, castration, epidemic prevention

Before fattening, pigs should generally carry out deworming in vivo and exorcism in vitro, scabies in vitro, and exorcism in vivo.Worms can be used to drive ascaris, back imidazole and other drugs, drive in vitro parasites can be used.2%Trichlorfon solution and other drugs. After castration, the sexual organs stop developing, the sexual function stops activity, the pig is quiet, the appetite is enhanced, the assimilation is strengthened, the fat deposition ability is increased, and the daily gain can be improved.7%~10%The feed utilization rate is also improved, and the meat is tender, delicious and odorless. The weight gain and feed utilization rate can be improved after deworming once before the fertilization period. According to certain immunization procedures, regular disease prevention work, pay attention to epidemic monitoring, timely detection of the disease.

11 In the process of fattening pigs, excessive exercise should be prevented, especially fierce fighting or chasing. Excessive exercise not only consumes energy in the body, but also makes pigs suffer from a stress syndrome, sudden spasms and stiff limbs, which can cause death in severe cases.