"South Pig to North" Opens the Curtain of Pig Breeding Layout Adjustment

Pig breeding is an important pillar industry of animal husbandry in China. In recent years, with the tightening of environmental protection policies, the pressure on environmental protection in southern China has increased, pig farming has developed disorderly, and the pig industry has experienced a deep reshuffle. Under the guidance of the central policy, the southern provinces and regions have continuously optimized the layout of pig breeding in the water network area. Many enterprises have shifted the focus of construction from south to north. The curtain of the project of "raising good pigs in the north and transporting high-quality products to the south" has quietly opened......

Why did the "South Pig" move north"

As we all know, there are many pollution problems in livestock and poultry breeding, such as environmental pollution, air pollution, soil pollution and the spread of pathogens. These problems seriously damage the ecological environment of the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, and also affect people's health. According to the investigation of the environmental protection department, the sewage produced by breeding one pig is equivalent to the domestic sewage of seven people, and the discharge of untreated pollutants from a large-scale farm is no less than that of a medium-sized industrial enterprise.

The south is the key area of traditional pig raising, and the number of pigs in Sichuan, Hunan and Henan is among the top three in China. Pig farmers all know that washing pigsty is the main source of wastewater from pig farms, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances contained in wastewater will lead to eutrophication of water bodies. Antibiotics (to prevent pigs from getting sick) and heavy metals (to promote pig growth) in manure can deposit land and pollute water sources if not handled properly. In the southern water network area, although the relevant departments have stepped up their efforts to rectify the situation, the high-cost manure treatment equipment and technology have led some pig farmers to secretly drain the breeding sewage into nearby river ditches, which is difficult to supervise, making the local water body black and smelly, eutrophication is serious, and can no longer carry manure pollution and other problems.

In order to optimize the regional layout of pig breeding in the southern water network area, since 2014, China has successively promulgated the regulations on the prevention and control of pollution from large-scale livestock and poultry breeding, the guidance on promoting the adjustment and optimization of pig breeding layout in the southern water network area and the new environmental protection law. Large-scale pig farm demolition operations have been carried out in the Pearl River Delta, the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the number of pig farms in the southern pig-raising province has been greatly reduced.

In 2017, the Central Document No. 1 proposed to stabilize pig production, optimize pig production areas, and guide the transfer of production capacity to areas with large environmental capacity and major corn production areas. While adjusting the structure and reducing production capacity, the Northeast region and Inner Mongolia have fewer water networks, fewer environmental restrictions, abundant and cheap food, and vast land resources, which have attracted many large-scale pig breeding companies. They are optimistic about the development potential of the northern region and invest in building factories.

Personalized construction of northern pigsty

The sustainable development of "moving pigs from the south to the north" should start from the pig house. The construction of pig house in the north is similar to that in the south, and must have personalized characteristics in line with the natural climate conditions in the north.

1 Pig house site selection

In the northern plain area, it is advisable to choose a place with high terrain, flat and a certain slope, so as to drain water and prevent water and mud. The ground slope is 1% ~ 3%. The sunny slope land should be selected in the northern mountainous area, which is not only conducive to drainage, but also has sufficient sunshine and can reduce the influence of cold air flow in winter; the terrain should be open and flat, and should not be too narrow or too many corners, otherwise it will affect the reasonable layout of buildings. In cold northern regions, special attention should be paid to building sites away from the northwest direction and long and narrow valleys.

2 cold and insulation

The cold period in northern China is long, and the construction of piggery must consider cold protection and heat preservation. In order to reduce the loss, the area of the outer surface of the building should be reduced as much as possible in the plane layout and space treatment. Under the condition of ensuring the good air condition in the house, the height in the house should be appropriately reduced. The south-facing outer wall is not directly attacked by cold wind and absorbs solar radiation heat. The outer wall can be built with thermal insulation wall structure (hollow wall, filled wall) or thermal insulation mortar, which can avoid frost on the inner wall of pigsty in winter and spring and improve thermal insulation performance. The slope roof shall be provided with ceiling, and the height of ceiling shall be 2~2.2 m from the ground. The roof shall be constructed to prevent water penetration during snowmelt and the possible impact of the cornice ice columns. Directly meet the walls of the exterior walls that are subject to the prevailing winter winds, and open doors and windows as little as possible. Before tamping the ground with cement mortar, lay a layer of PS board with a thickness of 5cm on the ground, and then apply cement, so as to avoid the heat loss when the pig climbs and lies.

3 sand-proof

In the western part of the northern region, there is a lot of wind and sand in spring. In order to prevent sand and dust from entering the house, sealing strips (such as wooden cover strips or felt liners) should be added around the outer wall fan. It is well known that the northern region is cold in winter and the temperature is kept below zero. Therefore, the development of pig breeding industry in the north needs to strengthen the management of winter feeding.

Risk aversion, the future is worth looking forward.

Despite the general trend of "moving pigs from south to north", the expansion of large enterprises to the north is to stimulate the northern pig market. In addition to improving production capacity through the above differentiated technologies, farmers should also consider market factors such as environmental protection, logistics costs, and transportation methods to overcome Obstacles and avoid risks.

1 scientific planning, equipped with manure harmless treatment equipment

The environmental pollution caused by farming will not disappear because of the change of location. The harmless treatment of manure used in southern pig farms is not feasible in the north. Because the south is warm all the year round, manure can be fermented, but in the north there is a freezing period of up to 5 months. There is no temperature to support manure fermentation, and the land is frozen, even if fermentation cannot be returned to the field in time. How to make comprehensive use of breeding waste, combine pig manure with planting, and establish diversified breeding models such as pig-corn, pig-rice, and pig-forest is the direction for researchers and farmers to explore.

In addition, farmers should do a good job in environmental protection design when planning the construction of pig farms, including the planning of sewage discharge and supporting facilities, and fully consider the capacity of the surrounding environment to accommodate manure, so as to avoid going on the old road of southern pollution areas.

2 Extend the industrial chain and solve the problem of live pig transportation

At present, the number of live pigs in the north continues to rise, but due to its low population density and limited pork consumption, most of the pigs are sold to the southwest and Zhejiang regions. However, long-distance transportation may not only lead to the spread of the disease, but also cause stress reactions in pigs, resulting in a decline in pork quality and even death of pigs. In this regard, some experts suggest that northeast pigs can be slaughtered and processed on the spot for cold chain transportation to avoid the risk of live pig transportation. This means that the integrated industrial chain of "commercial pig production-live pig slaughter-meat product processing" will become the trend of the development of the pig industry in the north in the future.

The "South-to-North migration of pigs" has injected new vitality into the black land of the north. The majority of pig farmers should seize the opportunity of "South-to-North migration", follow the law of development, look far ahead, pay attention to environmental protection, and actively develop the pig industry chain with the help of advanced breeding technology to help the ecological development of China's pig industry.