Technical operation specification for feeding and management of lean meat type commercial pigs

1 Scope

This standard specifies the breed, nutritional needs, feeding management and epidemic prevention of lean commercial pigs.

This standard is applicable to Shaoxing County and can be used by large-scale pig farmers in Shaoxing County to raise lean commercial pigs.

2 Variety

The lean-meat commercial pig breeds specified in this standard are Du Dachang or Du Dachang ternary hybrid pigs, the father is Duroc, the mother of Du Dachang pig is the sow of the first generation of the cross between the Great York boar and the Landrace sow; the mother of Du Dachang pig is the sow of the first generation of the cross between the Landrace boar and the Great York sow.

3 Nutritional Needs

The feed for lean commercial pigs is compound feed. According to the different growth and development characteristics and nutritional needs of pigs, it is divided into four stages to supply corresponding feed: early piglet feed, late piglet feed, early growth and fattening pig feed and late growth and fattening pig feed. The specific division of the four stages and the corresponding feed are shown in the table.1

Table1 Feed supply table for lean pigs at different stages

Age or weightStageCorresponding feed

7Age ~10KilogramPre-pigletPre-piglet feed

10~30KilogramLate pigletsLate piglet feed

30~60KilogramEarly stage of growing and fattening pigsEarly feed for growing and fattening pigs

60Kg ~ out of the marketLate period of growing and fattening pigsLate feed for growing and fattening pigs

Feed nutrient composition of each stage is shown in the table2

Table2 Feed nutrient composition table at each stage

Productspecies of fingerStandardPre-piglet feedLate piglet feedEarly feed for growing and fattening pigsLate feed for growing and fattening pigs

Digestive energy(mj/kg)≥ 13.80      13.39    12.97             12.25

crude protein(%)≥     20.0       18.0     17.0              16.0

crude fat(%)≥     3.0        2.5       2.5               2.5

crude ash(%)≤     7.0        7.0       8.0               8.0

crude fiber(%)≤     4.0        5.0       7.0               7.0

Calcium(%)       0.70~1.20  0.50~1.00 0.40~0.80       0.40~0.80

total phosphorus(%)≥      0.60        0.50      0.50              0.40

Lysine(%)≥    1.30       1.00     0.85              0.75

sulfur-containing amino acid(%)≥ 0.78        0.60    0.55              0.50

Water (%) ≤     13．0       13．0    13．0 1           3．0

Table salt(%)      0.30~0.80 0.30~0.80 0.30~0.80        0.30~0.80

4 feeding management

4.1 Pre-piglet

Pre-piglet refers to piglets that are born to weaning.

4.1.1 Care of newborn pigs

4.1.1.1 Delivery: infer the delivery time of the sow according to the expected delivery date and delivery signs of the sow, and the sow should have special care during delivery to prevent the newborn piglets from being crushed and drowned. After the piglet is born, wipe the mucus on the mouth, nose and body surface with a clean towel.3After ligation and hemostasis at the centimeter, the umbilicus is broken and removed.2/3Cut the canine teeth at the tail length and flush with the gums without damaging the gums. Use for wounds.5%Iodine disinfection; fake dead piglets in time to dig out the mouth and nose mucus after artificial respiration and inverted lifting buttocks rescue.

4.1.1.2 Eat enough colostrum and fixed nipple: piglets are directly placed beside sows after birth, so that piglets can eat colostrum; Artificial assisted lactation must be taken for weak pigs until piglets can stand and eat milk by themselves. In3Do a good job within a day for each piglet to fix the nipple to eat milk.

4.1.1.3 Foster care: if the number of piglets produced by sows is more than the number of nipples, the extra piglets should be foster to the same period after eating enough colostrum (3Within days) of delivery sows breast-feeding.

4.1.1.4 Pre-taking antibiotics and iron supplementation: piglets are pre-taken antibiotics (oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline or norfloxacin) after birth to prevent yellow and white dysentery; At the same time, iron supplementation150Milligrams.

4.1.1.5 Drinking water: during lactation3Days after giving clean water to drink.

4.1.1.6 Temperature: piglets should be kept warm, and a layer of dry straw should be laid in the piglet shed. The temperature in the shed is25℃, piglet column with infrared bulb insulation, temperature is32℃, one week later28C.

4.1.1.7 Cleaning and moisture: timely cleaning in the piglet column excess feed and keep the column house dry, avoid washing with water.

4.1.1.8 Pressure Protection: Piglets3Within days of age, to prevent sows from crushing piglets, breast milk pigs can be used to sleep separately to prevent it. When nursing, the piglets are put back to the sow and then put back into the piglet insulation column. The interval between breastfeeding is60~70Minutes.

4.1.1.9 castrated: healthy baby boars in20Castration around the age of day, fine weather during castration, stop feeding before castration, and inject antibiotics and vitamins before and after castrationk.

4.1.1.10 Early feeding:7~10Day-old piglets can start to lure food, with piglet pre-feed and tender grass in the supplement column to adjust the feed, feed every day5~6Second, we should feed less frequently and remove the remaining materials in time so that they can eat and drink clean water freely.

4.1.1.11 Timely weaning: piglets daily feed intake up150More than grams, weight more7Kg can be weaned, weaning age is generally summer25~28Day age, autumn is28~30At the age of the day, the way of weaning is to transfer the suckling pigs to a heat preservation, dry and clean nursery.

4.2 Late piglets

Refers to piglets weaned into the nursery.

4.2.1 Reasonable grouping and grouping: weaned piglets are reasonably divided into groups according to the principle of "keeping strong but not weak, dismantling more but not less, and night and day" and transferred to the nursing column; Try to merge piglets from the same litter into the same column, and spray low-concentration Nongfu on piglets from different groups after grouping to prevent fighting.

4.2.2 Feeding density: the feeding density in the nursery is0.3~0.5Square Meters/Head, per column22~24Head.

4.2.3 Temperature: The temperature in the first week of weaning is30℃, after weekly decline1~2°C22C.

4.2.4 Feed: After weaning in1~2Continue to feed piglets early in the week, and gradually change to piglets late after the piglets adapt to the environment.

4.2.5 Feeding frequency: four times a day in the first week, then three times a day.

4.2.6 Strengthen observation: observe the growth, activity, feeding and feces of piglets. After finding sick, weak and stiff pigs, incorporate them into one column and treat them in time. Piglets with poor appetite, indigestion and slow growth should be added1~3%Citric acid water, enzyme preparations, vitamins, etc.

4.2.7 Clean and dry: clean the house in time, but should not be washed with water.

4.3 growing and fattening pigs

Piglets raised in nursery5Weeks later, weight30~60The kilogram phase.

4.3.1 Transfer: Pigs transferred from the nursery to the fattening house should be grouped on the basis of piglets in the same nursery.

4.3.2 Density: Feeding density is0.55~0.8Square Meters/Head.

4.3.3 Positioning training: timely conduct "eating, sleeping and defecating" three-positioning training for the pigs after the column is combined to ensure that the column is clean and dry.

4.3.4 Feeding method: use the late piglet feed within one week, then use the early feed for growing and fattening pigs, and dry feed with powder or granular feed. Adopt free feeding or daily feeding1~3Meals, unlimited feeding.

4.3.5 Drinking water: supply clean drinking water, water constantly.

4.3.6 Temperature: The temperature in the pig house is22~18℃, summer to prevent heatstroke and cool down, right30More than kilograms of pigs can be used to shower, splash water, spray, exhaust and other measures to cool down. Winter requires insulation.

4.3.7 Strengthen observation: often observe the growth, activity, fighting, appetite, defecation and other conditions of pigs, and deal with problems in time.

4.4 Late period of growing and fattening pigsRefers to weight60kg to slaughter stage

4.4.1 Feeding density: The late feeding density was0.8~1.1Square Meters/Head.

4.4.2 Feeding method: feeding fattening pigs with late feed, powder or granular feed can be used, daily feed2~3Times. Implement controlled feeding, and the total daily feeding amount is free80%Left and right.

4.4.3 Drinking water: adequate supply of clean drinking water, constant water.

4.4.4 Timely out of the column: weight reached90~100Kg can be out of the column.

5. epidemic prevention

5.1 comprehensive prevention and control measures

5.1.1 The pig farm should be selected in the direction of wind on the upper water, facing south, with high ventilation and dryness, sufficient water source, good water quality, far away from residential areas and industrial areas, and should be maintained with other pig farms.500The interval of more than meters, but also to facilitate isolation, quarantine, disinfection and sewage.

5.1.2 Self-breeding and self-breeding should be carried out, and if pigs must be imported from other places, they must be effectively immunized and isolated for observation.7~15Day, no disease can enter the field breeding.

5.1.3 Personnel, vehicles and utensils entering the site shall be disinfected, no other animals shall be raised in the site, no fresh animal products shall be brought into the site, dead pigs shall be treated innocuously, and feces shall be concentrated in the downwind place for closed stacking and fermentation treatment.

5.1.4 Implement strict disinfection system. A disinfection pool is set up at the gate of the pig farm and placed in the pool.2%of caustic soda solution, disinfectant solution per3Replace once a day; Clean the empty column first and then disinfect it thoroughly, then rinse with water and use it for a week;0.1%Disinfection Wei, anti-toxic Wei and other disinfectants are used alternately every week with pig disinfection.1~2Times.

5.2 Drug prevention and deworming

5.2.1 Prevention of yellow and white scour of piglets: before sows give birth2~3Zhou oral administration of Huang Li Ling powder or piglet Bai Li powder, piglets in2~5Add oxytetracycline to the feed at week; Piglets in5~7Weeks with edema powder, and add antibiotics.

5.2.2 Repellent: Piglets after weaning2~3Levimidazole for weeks10Milligrams/kg body weight deworming.

5.3 immunization program

5.3.1 20Age: subcutaneous injection of swine fever vaccine3The first part.

5.3.2 28Around day of age (at weaning): subcutaneously injected streptococcus attenuated vaccine1First portion (pig farm where streptococcus has occurred); Intramuscular injection of high-efficiency foot-and-mouth disease vaccine1ml.

5.3.3 60Age: subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of swine fever swine erysipelas4The first part; Intramuscular injection of foot-and-mouth disease efficient vaccine1.5ml.

5.3.4 90Day of age: intramuscular injection of efficient foot-and-mouth disease vaccine3ml.